<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/formats/</loc><lastmod>2026-11-05T14:00:00+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/formats/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/formats/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/formats/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/formats/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/</loc><lastmod>2026-11-05T14:00:00+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/italy/</loc><lastmod>2026-11-05T14:00:00+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/italy/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/italy/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/italy/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/italy/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/topics/security/</loc><lastmod>2026-11-05T14:00:00+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/topics/security/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/topics/security/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/topics/security/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/topics/security/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/algeria/</loc><lastmod>2026-11-05T14:00:00+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/algeria/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/algeria/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/algeria/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/topics/geopolitics/</loc><lastmod>2026-11-05T14:00:00+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/topics/geopolitics/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/topics/geopolitics/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/topics/geopolitics/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/topics/geopolitics/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/</loc><lastmod>2026-11-05T14:00:00+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/regions/</loc><lastmod>2026-11-05T14:00:00+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/regions/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/regions/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/regions/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/regions/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/publications/</loc><lastmod>2026-11-05T14:00:00+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/publications/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/publications/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/publications/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/publications/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/turkiye/</loc><lastmod>2026-11-05T14:00:00+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/turkiye/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/turkiye/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/turkiye/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/turkiye/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/formats/analysis/</loc><lastmod>2026-11-05T14:00:00+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/formats/analysis/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/formats/analysis/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/formats/analysis/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/formats/analysis/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/regions/north-africa/</loc><lastmod>2026-11-05T14:00:00+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/regions/north-africa/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/regions/north-africa/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/regions/north-africa/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/regions/north-africa/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/france/</loc><lastmod>2026-11-05T14:00:00+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/france/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/france/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/france/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/france/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/libya/</loc><lastmod>2026-11-05T14:00:00+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/libya/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/libya/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/libya/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B3-%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1/</loc><lastmod>2026-11-05T14:00:00+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/libya-books-in-tripoli-troops-in-the-sahara/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/libye-salon-du-livre-a-tripoli-bruits-de-bottes-au-sahara/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B3-%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/topics/</loc><lastmod>2026-11-05T14:00:00+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/topics/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/topics/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/topics/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/topics/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/egypt/</loc><lastmod>2026-11-05T14:00:00+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/egypt/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/egypt/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/egypt/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/egypt/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/energy-security/</loc><lastmod>2026-06-09T12:54:33+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/energy-security/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/energy-security/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/energy-security/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/energy-security/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/topics/economy/</loc><lastmod>2026-06-09T12:54:33+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/topics/economy/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/topics/economy/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/topics/economy/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/topics/economy/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/regions/levant-iraq/</loc><lastmod>2026-06-09T12:54:33+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/regions/levant-iraq/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/regions/levant-iraq/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/regions/levant-iraq/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/regions/levant-iraq/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/formats/studies/</loc><lastmod>2026-06-09T12:54:33+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/formats/studies/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/formats/studies/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/formats/studies/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/formats/studies/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/syria/</loc><lastmod>2026-06-09T12:54:33+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/syria/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/syria/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/syria/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/syria/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%83%D9%85%D9%85%D8%B1-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%88/</loc><lastmod>2026-06-09T12:54:33+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/syria-as-an-energy-transit-corridor-between-promising-geography-and-a-constrained-reality/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/la-concurrence-regionale-comme-frein-aux-projets-futurs/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/regionale-konkurrenz-als-hemmnis-fuer-zukuenftige-projekte/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%83%D9%85%D9%85%D8%B1-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%88/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/energy-corridors/</loc><lastmod>2026-06-09T12:54:33+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/energy-corridors/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/energy-corridors/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/energy-corridors/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/energy-corridors/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/regions/iran/</loc><lastmod>2026-01-17T10:53:42+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/regions/iran/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/regions/iran/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/regions/iran/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/regions/iran/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/topics/governance-human-rights/</loc><lastmod>2026-01-17T10:53:42+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/topics/governance-human-rights/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/topics/governance-human-rights/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/topics/governance-human-rights/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/topics/governance-human-rights/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A/</loc><lastmod>2026-01-17T10:53:42+01:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/3000-%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A/</loc><lastmod>2026-01-13T16:30:36+01:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/iranian-opposition/</loc><lastmod>2026-01-10T11:04:33+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/iranian-opposition/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/iranian-opposition/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/iranian-opposition/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/iranian-opposition/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/</loc><lastmod>2026-01-10T11:04:33+01:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/topics/political-islam/</loc><lastmod>2026-06-10T12:33:48+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/topics/political-islam/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/topics/political-islam/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/topics/political-islam/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/topics/political-islam/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/</loc><lastmod>2026-01-04T10:33:52+01:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/arab-spring/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-27T22:54:05+01:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-27T22:54:05+01:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/tunisia/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-27T22:54:05+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/tunisia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/tunisia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/tunisia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/tunisia/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/women-rights/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-27T22:54:05+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/women-rights/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/women-rights/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/women-rights/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/women-rights/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/regions/israel-palestine/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-24T01:14:01+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/regions/israel-palestine/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/regions/israel-palestine/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/regions/israel-palestine/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/regions/israel-palestine/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-24T01:14:01+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/iran-and-the-great-deception/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/topics/extremism-radicalisation/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-24T01:14:01+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/topics/extremism-radicalisation/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/topics/extremism-radicalisation/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/topics/extremism-radicalisation/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/topics/extremism-radicalisation/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/iraq/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-24T01:14:01+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/iraq/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/iraq/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/iraq/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/iraq/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/gaza/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-24T01:14:01+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/gaza/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/gaza/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/gaza/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/gaza/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/lebanon/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-24T01:14:01+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/lebanon/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/lebanon/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/lebanon/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/lebanon/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/regions/europe/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-19T19:11:19+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/regions/europe/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/regions/europe/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/regions/europe/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/regions/europe/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/muslim-brotherhood/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-19T19:11:19+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/muslim-brotherhood/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/muslim-brotherhood/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/muslim-brotherhood/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/muslim-brotherhood/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/morocco/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-19T19:11:19+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/morocco/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/morocco/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/morocco/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/formats/interviews/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-19T19:11:19+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/formats/interviews/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/formats/interviews/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/formats/interviews/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/formats/interviews/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%89-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-19T19:11:19+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/youssef-chiheb-political-islam-does-not-seek-power-through-violence-but-through-the-democratic-process/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/youssef-chiheb-lislam-politique-ne-cherche-pas-le-pouvoir-par-la-violence-mais-par-le-jeu-democratique/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%89-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/water-crisis/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-18T21:06:23+01:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B7%D8%B4-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-18T21:06:23+01:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/religious-reform/</loc><lastmod>2026-06-10T12:33:48+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/religious-reform/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/religious-reform/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/religious-reform/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/religious-reform/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%AD%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85%D9%83-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-16T20:00:12+01:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/israel/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-16T20:33:53+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/israel/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/israel/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/israel/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/israel/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/west-bank/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-14T22:25:21+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/west-bank/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/west-bank/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/west-bank/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/west-bank/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%91-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-14T22:25:21+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/fragile-peace-in-israel-why-an-eruption-of-violence-is-only-a-matter-of-time/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/la-paix-fragile-en-israel-pourquoi-une-flambee-de-violence-nest-quune-question-de-temps/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/fragiler-frieden-in-israel-warum-ein-gewaltausbruch-nur-eine-frage-der-zeit-ist/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%91-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/abraham-accords/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-16T20:33:53+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/abraham-accords/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/abraham-accords/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/uae/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-16T20:33:53+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/uae/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/uae/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/uae/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/saudi-arabia/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-16T20:33:53+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/saudi-arabia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/saudi-arabia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/saudi-arabia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/saudi-arabia/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-16T20:33:53+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/challenges-to-expanding-the-abraham-accords/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AD-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%82/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-09T21:37:39+01:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-07T22:29:19+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/the-new-middle-east-ignites-competition-between-turkiye-and-israel/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/le-nouveau-moyen-orient-attise-la-concurrence-entre-la-turquie-et-israel/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/der-neue-nahe-osten-entfacht-konkurrenz-zwischen-der-turkei-und-israel/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/hijab/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-06T00:34:05+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/hijab/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/hijab/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/hijab/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/hijab/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%87%D9%84-%D9%87%D9%88-%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2-%D8%A3%D9%85-%D9%87%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9/</loc><lastmod>2025-12-06T00:34:05+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/hijab-symbol-identity-or-instrument-of-conflict/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/hijab-symbole-identite-ou-instrument-de-conflit/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/hijab-symbol-identitat-oder-instrument-des-konflikts/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%87%D9%84-%D9%87%D9%88-%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2-%D8%A3%D9%85-%D9%87%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9/</loc><lastmod>2025-11-29T21:48:09+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/iran-at-the-heart-of-global-transformations/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/liran-au-coeur-des-transformations-internationales/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/iran-im-zentrum-der-globalen-umbruche/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/united-states/</loc><lastmod>2025-11-29T21:48:09+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/united-states/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/united-states/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/united-states/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/united-states/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84/</loc><lastmod>2025-11-26T20:03:48+01:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A6%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8E%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85/</loc><lastmod>2025-11-22T23:04:33+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/khamenei-besieged-by-domestic-crises-and-regional-deadlocks/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/khamenei-assiege-par-les-crises-internes-et-les-impasses-regionales/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/khamenei-von-inneren-krisen-und-regionalen-sackgassen-umzingelt/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A6%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8E%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/ali-khamenei/</loc><lastmod>2025-11-22T23:04:33+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/ali-khamenei/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/ali-khamenei/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/ali-khamenei/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/ali-khamenei/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD/</loc><lastmod>2025-11-18T20:55:04+01:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC/</loc><lastmod>2025-11-15T22:55:29+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/the-voice-of-the-global-iranian-revolution-confronts-the-rule-of-the-supreme-leader/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/salafism/</loc><lastmod>2026-06-10T12:33:48+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/salafism/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/salafism/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%91-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A/</loc><lastmod>2026-06-10T12:33:48+02:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/sharia/</loc><lastmod>2025-11-07T21:51:28+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/sharia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/sharia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/sharia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/sharia/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7/</loc><lastmod>2025-11-07T21:51:28+01:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%EF%B7%BA/</loc><lastmod>2025-11-04T18:20:22+01:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A3%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9/</loc><lastmod>2025-11-01T15:29:41+01:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-27T21:21:39+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/the-gender-dimensions-of-irans-water-crisis/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/les-dimensions-de-genre-de-la-crise-de-leau-en-iran/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/die-geschlechtsspezifischen-dimensionen-der-wasserkrise-im-iran/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/corruption/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-27T21:21:39+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/corruption/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/corruption/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/corruption/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/corruption/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%83%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%88%D8%A5%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-26T15:24:31+01:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/democracy-as-blasphemy-and-criminality/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/la-democratie-impiete-et-criminalite/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/demokratie-als-unglauben-und-verbrechen/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%83%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%88%D8%A5%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/germany/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-24T20:15:49+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/germany/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/germany/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/germany/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/germany/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/european-union/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-24T20:15:49+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/european-union/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/european-union/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/european-union/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/european-union/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/topics/migration/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-24T20:15:49+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/topics/migration/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/topics/migration/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/topics/migration/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/topics/migration/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-24T20:15:49+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/polands-reckoning-with-migration-and-security/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/la-pologne-face-aux-questions-de-migration-et-de-securite/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/polens-auseinandersetzung-mit-migration-und-sicherheit/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/illegal-migration/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-24T20:15:49+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/illegal-migration/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/illegal-migration/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/illegal-migration/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/illegal-migration/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/poland/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-24T20:15:49+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/poland/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/poland/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/poland/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/poland/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%81%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-23T11:02:28+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/iran-on-the-edge-of-a-volcano/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/liran-au-bord-du-volcan/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/iran-am-rand-eines-vulkans/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%81%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/civil-state/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-18T22:06:21+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/civil-state/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/civil-state/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/civil-state/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/civil-state/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-18T22:06:21+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/the-civil-nature-of-the-state-in-islam/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/riyad-darar/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/die-zivilitat-des-staates-im-islam/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9-%D8%B6%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-12T16:12:37+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/a-formal-indictment-of-the-iranian-regime/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/un-acte-daccusation-formel-contre-le-regime-iranien/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/eine-formelle-anklage-gegen-das-iranische-regime/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9-%D8%B6%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A9/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-07T16:36:28+02:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/china/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-20T20:28:10+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/china/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/china/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/china/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/china/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/india/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-07T16:10:28+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/india/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/india/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/india/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/india/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/brics/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-07T16:10:28+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/brics/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/brics/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/brics/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/brics/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/donald-trump/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-21T14:36:26+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/donald-trump/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/donald-trump/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/donald-trump/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/donald-trump/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/russia/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-21T14:36:26+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/russia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/russia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/russia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/russia/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-07T16:10:28+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/is-india-turning-its-back-on-the-united-states/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/linde-tourne-t-elle-le-dos-aux-etats-unis/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/kehrt-indien-den-vereinigten-staaten-den-rucken/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/afghanistan/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-22T13:17:53+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/afghanistan/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/afghanistan/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/afghanistan/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/afghanistan/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/al-qaeda/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-22T13:17:53+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/al-qaeda/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/al-qaeda/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/al-qaeda/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/al-qaeda/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-06T15:25:38+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/russia-seeks-victory-in-afghanistan/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/la-russie-cherche-la-victoire-en-afghanistan/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/russland-strebt-sieg-in-afghanistan-an/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/taliban/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-06T15:25:38+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/taliban/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/taliban/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/taliban/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/taliban/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B0-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B3/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-14T14:30:27+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/islamist-attacker-of-solingen-sentenced-to-life-imprisonment/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/lassaillant-islamiste-de-solingen-condamne-a-la-perpetuite/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/islamistischer-attentater-von-solingen-zu-lebenslanger-haft-verurteilt/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B0-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B3/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/islamic-state/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-14T14:46:22+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/islamic-state/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/islamic-state/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/islamic-state/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/islamic-state/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AA/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-14T14:46:22+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/suspicious-tunisian-charities-helped-fund-and-transport-over-6000-youths-to-iraq-and-syria-to-join-isis/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/des-associations-tunisiennes-suspectes-ont-aide-a-financer-et-a-transporter-plus-de-6-000-jeunes-vers-lirak-et-la-syrie-pour-rejoindre-lei/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/verdachtige-tunesische-wohltatigkeitsvereine-finanzierten-und-transportierten-uber-6-000-jugendliche-nach-irak-und-syrien-zum-is/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AA/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-04T19:45:33+02:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-14T14:56:43+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/the-history-of-the-muslim-brotherhood-a-secret-armed-apparatus-assassinations-bombings-and-turning-jihad-into-a-political-tool/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/lhistoire-des-freres-musulmans-un-appareil-arme-secret-des-assassinats-des-attentats-et-la-transformation-du-jihad-en-outil-politique/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/die-geschichte-der-muslimbruderschaft-geheimes-waffennetzwerk-attentate-anschlage-und-die-politisierung-des-dschihad/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/civil-society/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-04T20:18:37+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/civil-society/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/civil-society/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/civil-society/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/civil-society/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-04T20:18:37+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/civil-society-and-the-state-what-should-their-relationship-be/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/societe-civile-et-etat-quelle-relation-devrait-exister-entre-eux/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/zivilgesellschaft-und-staat-wie-sollte-ihr-verhaltnis-aussehen/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/hezbollah/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-22T14:41:46+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/hezbollah/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/hezbollah/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/hezbollah/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/hezbollah/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-15T17:56:37+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/lebanon-a-historic-day-in-court/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/liban-une-journee-historique-au-tribunal/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/libanon-historischer-gang-vors-gericht/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-04T20:18:57+02:00</lastmod></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%81/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-20T13:09:31+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/islamism-versus-civil-society-in-turkey-and-brussels-pays-the-bill/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/islamisme-contre-societe-civile-en-turquie-et-bruxelles-paie-la-note/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/islamismus-versus-zivilgesellschaft-in-der-turkei-und-brussel-zahlt/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%81/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/akp/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-20T13:09:31+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/akp/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/akp/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/akp/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/akp/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/erdogan/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-20T22:05:40+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/erdogan/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/erdogan/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/erdogan/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/erdogan/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-20T18:56:19+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/the-israeli-attack-exposes-the-fragility-of-the-iranian-russian-alliance/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/lattaque-israelienne-revele-la-fragilite-de-lalliance-irano-russe/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/israels-angriff-offenbart-die-fragilitat-des-iranisch-russischen-bundnisses/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A5%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%B9-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-20T14:39:59+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/the-dilemma-of-disarming-hezbollah-in-lebanon/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/le-dilemme-du-desarmement-du-hezbollah-au-liban/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/das-dilemma-der-hisbollah-entwaffnung-im-libanon/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A5%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%B9-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8D%D9%91-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-20T18:35:04+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/islamism-in-europe-a-societal-challenge/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/lislamisme-en-europe-un-defi-societal/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/islamismus-in-europa-eine-gesellschaftliche-herausforderung/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8D%D9%91-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/muslim-communities/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-20T18:35:04+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/muslim-communities/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/muslim-communities/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/muslim-communities/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/muslim-communities/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A5%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82-%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%81%D9%88/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-20T20:14:56+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/frankfurts-center-for-global-islam-closes-its-doors/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/la-fermeture-du-centre-pour-lislam-global-de-francfort/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/frankfurter-forschungszentrum-globaler-islam-schliest-seine-tore/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A5%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82-%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%81%D9%88/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/islamophobia/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-23T15:20:11+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/islamophobia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/islamophobia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/islamophobia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/islamophobia/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/united-kingdom/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-20T20:28:10+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/united-kingdom/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/united-kingdom/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/united-kingdom/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/united-kingdom/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86-%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%8F%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%90%D9%91%D9%87-%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-20T20:28:10+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/how-europe-could-put-economic-pressure-on-tehran/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/comment-leurope-pourrait-exercer-une-pression-economique-sur-teheran/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/wie-europa-teheran-wirtschaftlich-treffen-konnte/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86-%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%8F%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%90%D9%91%D9%87-%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-20T21:43:14+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/europes-blind-spot-the-muslim-brotherhood-and-political-islam/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/langle-mort-de-leurope-les-freres-musulmans-et-lislam-politique/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/europas-blinder-fleck-die-muslimbruderschaft-und-der-politische-islam/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8C-%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9%D9%8C-%D9%88%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-20T22:05:40+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/imperial-phantom-pains-erdogan-putin-and-their-fantasies/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/douleurs-fantomes-imperiales-erdogan-poutine-et-leurs-fantasmes/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/imperiale-phantomschmerzen-erdogan-putin-und-ihre-phantasien/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8C-%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9%D9%8C-%D9%88%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/ukraine/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-20T22:05:40+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/ukraine/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/ukraine/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/ukraine/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/ukraine/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/vladimir-putin/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-20T22:05:40+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/vladimir-putin/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/vladimir-putin/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/vladimir-putin/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/vladimir-putin/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%A7/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-21T11:22:04+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/islamism-in-italy-a-status-report/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/islamisme-en-italie-un-etat-des-lieux/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/islamismus-in-italien-eine-bestandsaufnahme/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%A7/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-21T12:33:17+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/the-mullah-regime-and-europes-dilemma/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/le-regime-des-mollahs-et-le-dilemme-de-leurope/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/das-mullah-regime-und-europas-zwickmuhle/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/azerbaijan/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-21T14:36:26+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/azerbaijan/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/azerbaijan/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/azerbaijan/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/azerbaijan/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/armenia/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-21T14:36:26+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/armenia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/armenia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/armenia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/armenia/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%82-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-21T14:36:26+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/russia-and-iran-aligned-in-foreign-policy/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/la-russie-et-liran-alignes-en-politique-etrangere/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/russland-und-iran-ausenpolitisch-in-einem-boot/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%82-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-22T12:25:33+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/new-research-on-radical-islamism-in-germany/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/nouvelles-recherches-sur-lislamisme-radical-en-allemagne/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/neue-forschung-zu-radikalem-islamismus-in-deutschland/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A3%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A3-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B8%D9%84%D9%91-%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-22T13:17:53+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/growing-up-with-americas-longest-war/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/grandir-a-lombre-de-la-plus-longue-guerre-de-lamerique/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/mit-amerikas-langstem-krieg-aufwachsen/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A3%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A3-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B8%D9%84%D9%91-%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%91%D8%AF%D9%8B%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-22T14:41:46+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/lebanon-once-again-at-a-crossroads/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/le-liban-une-fois-de-plus-a-la-croisee-des-chemins/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/der-libanon-wieder-einmal-am-scheideweg/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%91%D8%AF%D9%8B%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-23T15:20:11+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/scandals-surrounding-muslim-brotherhood-lobbying-in-europe/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/scandales-autour-du-lobbying-des-freres-musulmans-en-europe/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/skandale-um-lobbyismus-der-muslimbruderschaft-in-europa/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-24T10:17:20+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/irans-terror-groups-in-the-west/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/les-groupes-terroristes-de-liran-en-occident/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/irans-terrorgruppen-im-westen/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/secularism/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-24T10:51:32+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/secularism/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/secularism/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/secularism/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/secularism/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%87%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84-%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7/</loc><lastmod>2025-10-24T10:51:32+02:00</lastmod><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/secularism-is-the-solution-without-another-choice/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%87%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84-%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/regions/gulf-arabian-peninsula/</loc><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/regions/gulf-arabian-peninsula/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/regions/gulf-arabian-peninsula/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/regions/gulf-arabian-peninsula/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/regions/gulf-arabian-peninsula/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/multimedia/</loc><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/multimedia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/multimedia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/multimedia/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/multimedia/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/bashar-al-assad/</loc><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/tags/bashar-al-assad/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/tags/bashar-al-assad/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/tags/bashar-al-assad/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/tags/bashar-al-assad/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/formats/podcasts/</loc><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/formats/podcasts/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/formats/podcasts/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/formats/podcasts/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/formats/podcasts/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7/</loc><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/contact-us/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/contactez-nous/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/kontaktieren-sie-uns/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/formats/video/</loc><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/formats/video/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/formats/video/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/formats/video/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/formats/video/"/></url><url><loc>https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%86/</loc><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-GB" href="https://mena-studies.org/who-we-are/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://mena-studies.org/fr/qui-sommes-nous/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-AT" href="https://mena-studies.org/de/wer-wir-sind/"/><xhtml:link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://mena-studies.org/ar/%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%86/"/></url></urlset>